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DNA</title></head><body>
<div><font size="+1"><b>Breakthrough programmable computer made from
DNA running chemical software</b></font></div>
<div><br></div>
<div>For more than two decades, researchers have explored using DNA as
a chemical computer. Until now though, DNA computers have only been
capable of solving whatever mathematical problem they were built to
tackle. Now though, researchers have demonstrated a more
general-purpose DNA computer that can run a variety of chemical
"programs." From <a
href=
"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/computer-scientists-create-reprogrammable-molecular-computing-system"><span
></span>Caltech</a>:<br>
</div>
<blockquote>"Think of them as nano apps," says Damien Woods,
professor of computer science at Maynooth University near Dublin,
Ireland, and one of two lead authors of the study. "The ability
to run any type of software program without having to change the
hardware is what allowed computers to become so useful. We are
implementing that idea in molecules, essentially embedding an
algorithm within chemistry to control chemical processes."<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>The system works by self-assembly: small, specially
designed DNA strands stick together to build a logic circuit while
simultaneously executing the circuit algorithm. Starting with the
original six bits that represent the input, the system adds row after
row of molecules-progressively running the algorithm. Modern digital
electronic computers use electricity flowing through circuits to
manipulate information; here, the rows of DNA strands sticking
together perform the computation. The end result is a test tube filled
with billions of completed algorithms, each one resembling a knitted
scarf of DNA, representing a readout of the computation. The pattern
on each "scarf" gives you the solution to the algorithm that
you were running. The system can be reprogrammed to run a different
algorithm by simply selecting a different subset of strands from the
roughly 700 that constitute the system.<br>
</blockquote>
<div>From <a
href=
"https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/computing/hardware/dna-computer-shows-programmable-chemical-machines-are-possible"><span
></span>IEEE Spectrum</a>:<br>
</div>
<blockquote>The new system, which is made of just DNA and salt water,
is unlikely to find a technological application itself. But it is a
step toward developing self-assembling programmable matter, where
chemical software automatically directs the construction of materials
with complex, programmable nanometer-scale features. Its creators were
"trying to understand how to embed computational behaviors within
chemistry in order control what chemistry does," explains Erik
Winfree, the professor of computer science and bioengineering who led
the research, which was mostly conducted at Caltech.<br>
</blockquote>
<div>More: "<a
href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1014-9">Diverse and
robust molecular algorithms using reprogrammable DNA
self-assembly</a>" <i>(Nature)</i></div>
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